Answers for Adults with Intellectual and Developmental Disabilities and Their Families
Families searching for disability services often have many questions about housing, Medicaid waivers, employment, day programs, and long-term support. Whether you are planning for a young adult transitioning out of school or preparing for the future care of a loved one, understanding available services can help you make informed decisions. Below are answers to some of the most common questions families ask about disability services.
What are disability services?
Disability services are programs and supports designed to help individuals with intellectual and developmental disabilities live safe, fulfilling, and meaningful lives. Services may include housing, employment support, transportation, personal care, healthcare coordination, day programs, and community-based activities.
The goal of disability services is to help individuals maximize independence while receiving the level of support they need.
Who qualifies for disability services?
Eligibility varies by program and funding source. In general, individuals with intellectual or developmental disabilities that began before adulthood and significantly impact daily functioning may qualify for services.
Eligibility is often determined through assessments, medical documentation, and state-specific requirements.
What is an intellectual disability?
An intellectual disability affects a person’s ability to learn, reason, problem-solve, and adapt to everyday life situations. Individuals with intellectual disabilities may require varying levels of support depending on their strengths and needs.
What is a developmental disability?
A developmental disability is a condition that begins during childhood and may affect physical, cognitive, communication, social, or adaptive functioning. Examples include autism spectrum disorder, cerebral palsy, Down syndrome, and intellectual disabilities.
What disability services are available for adults?
Services for adults may include:
• Residential services
• Group homes
• Family Home Provider programs
• Semi-independent living supports
• Supported employment
• Day programs
• Transportation services
• Behavioral supports
• Personal care assistance
• Nursing services
• Community integration programs
Available services vary based on an individual’s needs and funding sources.
What is the Supports for Community Living (SCL) Waiver?
The Supports for Community Living (SCL) Waiver is Kentucky’s most comprehensive Medicaid waiver for individuals with intellectual and developmental disabilities.
The waiver can fund services such as:
• Residential supports
• Community living supports
• Day training
• Supported employment
• Transportation
• Nursing services
• Behavioral supports
• Respite care
The SCL Waiver helps individuals live in their communities while receiving necessary support.
What is the Michelle P. Waiver?
The Michelle P. Waiver is a Kentucky Medicaid waiver that provides community-based supports for individuals with intellectual and developmental disabilities.
Services may include:
• Personal assistance
• Respite services
• Case management
• Behavior supports
• Environmental modifications
The waiver often helps individuals continue living at home or in community settings.
What is the difference between the SCL Waiver and the Michelle P. Waiver?
The SCL Waiver generally provides a broader range of services and supports individuals with more extensive needs.
The Michelle P. Waiver typically serves individuals who need fewer supports and are able to remain in their homes or communities with assistance.
A case manager can help determine which waiver best fits an individual’s needs.
What is a group home?
Group homes typically provide:
• Assistance with daily living
• Medication support
• Community participation
• Meal preparation
• Social opportunities
Group homes offer a balance between independence and structured support.
What is a Family Home Provider program?
A Family Home Provider program matches an individual with a trained caregiver who provides support in their own home.
The individual becomes part of a family environment while receiving personalized assistance and community support.
Many families appreciate the relationship-focused approach of Family Home Provider services.
What is semi-independent living?
Semi-independent living allows adults with disabilities to live in apartments or homes while receiving support as needed.
Support staff may assist with:
• Budgeting
• Shopping
• Cooking
• Transportation
• Medication management
• Community engagement
This option is often appropriate for individuals who desire greater independence but still benefit from guidance.
What is an Intermediate Care Facility (ICF)?
An Intermediate Care Facility for Individuals with Intellectual Disabilities (ICF/IID) provides 24-hour support and specialized care for individuals with significant medical, behavioral, or support needs.
ICFs are designed for individuals who require a higher level of care than can safely be provided in community-based settings.
Who should consider an Intermediate Care Facility?
An ICF may be appropriate for individuals who:
• Need around-the-clock supervision
• Have complex medical conditions
• Require extensive nursing support
• Have significant behavioral challenges
• Need specialized healthcare services
An assessment can help determine whether an ICF is the best fit.
What is supported employment?
Supported employment helps individuals with disabilities find and maintain meaningful jobs in their communities.
Services may include:
• Job development
• Career exploration
• Job coaching
• Workplace accommodations
• Ongoing support
Supported employment focuses on helping individuals succeed in competitive, community-based employment.
Can adults with disabilities work?
Yes. Many adults with intellectual and developmental disabilities work successfully in a variety of industries when provided appropriate supports and accommodations.
Employment can provide income, social connections, confidence, and a sense of purpose.
What are day programs?
Day programs provide structured daytime activities that promote learning, socialization, community involvement, and personal growth.
Activities may include:
• Arts and crafts
• Volunteer opportunities
• Community outings
• Life skills training
• Fitness and wellness programs
• Educational activities
Day programs help individuals remain active and engaged.
Why are community-based services important?
Community-based services allow individuals with disabilities to participate in everyday life, build relationships, develop skills, and experience greater independence.
These services support inclusion and help individuals remain connected to their communities.
What is respite care?
Respite care provides temporary support for individuals with disabilities, allowing caregivers time to rest, attend appointments, travel, or address personal responsibilities. Respite services can help prevent caregiver burnout and improve family well-being.
What transportation services are available?
• Day programs
• Employment locations
• Medical appointments
Transportation services can play an important role in helping individuals remain active and independent.
When should families start planning for future care?
Families should begin planning as early as possible.
Early planning allows time to:
• Explore housing options
• Apply for Medicaid waivers
• Build support networks
• Address legal and financial planning
• Identify long-term care solutions
Planning ahead can reduce stress and provide more options in the future.
What should aging caregivers do to prepare?
Aging caregivers should consider:
• Creating a written care plan
• Exploring residential options
• Establishing legal and financial plans
• Building a support network
• Identifying future decision-makers
• Discussing long-term goals with service providers
Taking proactive steps can help ensure continuity of care.
How can families choose the right disability services?
Families should consider:
• Level of support needed
• Housing preferences
• Medical requirements
• Social opportunities
• Employment goals
• Transportation needs
• Long-term plans
Every individual is unique, and the best services are those that align with their goals, strengths, and support needs.
What should I do if I don’t know where to start?
Begin by speaking with a disability services provider, case manager, or support coordinator. They can help assess needs, explain available programs, and guide families through the process of accessing services.
The most important step is starting the conversation. Planning early can open doors to services, supports, and opportunities that help individuals with intellectual and developmental disabilities live fulfilling and meaningful lives.
What is a staffed residence?
Cedar Lake Staff Residences provide 24-hour care for up to three individuals in a single-family home setting. These residences are designed for individuals who require more intensive support while still having opportunities to engage in meaningful activities. Residents enjoy various choices, including competitive employment, small business work, day programs, and participation in cultural and recreational activities.
